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Although they share some landscape features, each of these regions has distinct physical features that resulted from different environmental processes. New Zealand and Papua New Guinea also have volcanic features as a result of tectonic activity. These highlands are fold mountains, created as tectonic plates pressed together and pushed land upward. All three have mountain ranges or highlands-the Great Dividing Range in Australia the North Island Volcanic Plateau and Southern Alps in New Zealand and the New Guinea Highlands in Papua New Guinea. These three regions share some physical features. Australia, Zealandia, and New Guinea are continental islands. Tectonic activity refers to the movement and collision of different sections, or plates, of Earth’s crust. Continental Islands Continental islands were once attached to continents before sea-level changes and tectonic activity isolated them. Continental islands have a variety of physical features, while high and low islands are fairly uniform in their physical geography. The islands in each group are formed in different ways and are made up of different materials. Oceania can be divided into three island groups: continental islands, high islands, and low islands. Oceania’s physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Oceania also includes three island regions: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (including the U.S. The other two major landmasses of Oceania are the microcontinent of Zealandia, which includes the country of New Zealand, and the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, made up of the nation of Papua New Guinea.

Oceania is dominated by the nation of Australia. The name “Oceania” justly establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent. Most of Oceania, including Australia, is under the Pacific, a vast body of water that is larger than all Earth’s continental landmasses and islands combined. It includes Australia, the smallest continent in terms of total land area. Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific.